软组织肉瘤

诊断

滑膜肉瘤通常生长缓慢，可能要经过数年才能确诊。有时，滑膜肉瘤被误诊为关节问题，如关节炎或滑囊炎。

用于诊断滑膜肉瘤的检查和程序包括：

• 影像学检查。影像学检查可拍摄身体照片。它们可以显示滑膜肉瘤的位置、大小以及是否已扩散到身体其他部位。滑膜肉瘤检查可能包括 MRI 扫描、X 线和 CT 扫描。

• 采集组织样本进行检测（也称为活检）。活检是一种在实验室中采集组织样本并进行检测的程序。可以使用穿过皮肤并进入癌症的针采集组织。有时需要手术，以获取组织样本。

  在实验室检测样本是否发生癌变。其他特殊检测提供了有关癌细胞的更多详细信息。医疗护理团队使用此信息制定治疗计划。

治疗

滑膜肉瘤的治疗方案包括：

• 手术。滑膜肉瘤的主要治疗方法进行手术。手术的目的是切除肿瘤以及周围的部分健康组织。有时这可能意味着切除整个肌肉或肌肉群。

  过去，手术可能包括切除手臂或腿部，称为截肢术。但是随着医学发展，降低了截肢术的可能性。

  为降低癌症复发的可能性，也可使用放射疗法或化疗。

• 放射疗法。放射疗法利用强大的能量束来杀死癌细胞。您在放疗期间躺在治疗台上，同时有一台机器在您周围移动。机器将放射线引导到身体上的精确点位。

  手术前放疗可以缩小肿瘤，并增加手术成功的可能性。手术后放射疗法可以杀死仍然存在的癌细胞。

• 化疗。化疗是使用强效药物来杀死癌细胞。对于滑膜肉瘤，可以在手术前或手术后使用化疗。如果癌症已扩散至身体其他部位，医生也可能使用这种治疗。
• 靶向治疗。靶向治疗使用可攻击癌细胞中特定化学物质的药物。通过阻断这些化学物质，靶向治疗可以杀死癌细胞或阻止其生长。目前正在研究针对晚期滑膜肉瘤的靶向治疗。
• 临床试验。临床试验是对新疗法进行研究。这些研究为患者提供了尝试最新治疗方案的机会。副作用可能未知。询问您的医疗护理团队是否有可以参加的临床试验。

临床试验

探索 Mayo Clinic 的研究 测试新的治疗、干预与检查方法，旨在预防、检测、治疗或控制这种疾病。

准备您的预约

Make an appointment with your usual doctor or other healthcare professional if you have any symptoms that worry you. If your health professional thinks you might have synovial sarcoma, you will likely be referred to a specialist.

Specialists who care for people with synovial sarcoma include:

• Doctors who specialize in cancer, called medical oncologists.
• Surgeons who specialize in operating on people with cancers that affect the soft tissue and bones. These surgeons are called orthopedic oncologists.
• Doctors who treat cancer with radiation therapy, called radiation oncologists.

Here is some information that may help you get ready for your appointment.

What you can do

• Write down any symptoms you have. This may include when you first noticed a lump.
• Write down any key medical information. Include any medical conditions or surgeries that you have had.
• Make a list of all medicines, vitamins, or supplements that you're taking. Write down how much medicine you take, when you take it, and the reason you take it.
• Consider bringing a family member or friend. This person can help you remember key information your healthcare professional talks about.
• Write down questions you would like to ask.

Write your questions in order of most important to least important. For synovial sarcoma, some potential questions may include:

• Do I have cancer?
• Do I need more tests?
• What are my treatment options?
• What are the potential risks of these treatment options?
• Do any of the treatments cure my cancer?
• Will I get a copy of my pathology report?
• How much time can I take to consider my treatment options?
• Are there brochures or other printed materials that I can take with me? What websites do you recommend?
• What happens if I choose not to have treatment?

What to expect from your doctor

Your healthcare professional will likely ask you questions that may include:

• What symptoms worry you?
• When did you first notice your symptoms?
• Does anything make your symptoms worse or better?
• How bad are your symptoms?

Living with 软组织肉瘤?

Connect with others like you for support and answers to your questions in the Sarcoma support group on Mayo Clinic Connect, a patient community.

Sarcoma Discussions

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