软组织肉瘤

诊断

取一片皮肤进行检测

医疗护理专业人员可能会建议切下一小块皮损进行检测。这项检测称为皮肤活检。样本会被送至实验室进行检测。实验室检测可发现癌症迹象。

皮肤活检可确诊卡波西肉瘤。

卡波西肉瘤的体内检测

可能还需要进行其他检查，以确定肺部或消化道中是否存在卡波西肉瘤。

可能还需要进行其他检查，以确定肺部或消化道中是否存在卡波西肉瘤。

• 粪便潜血检查。该检查可发现粪便中隐藏的血液。如果显示有隐血，则可能需要进行其他检查以找到源头。其他检查包括内镜或结肠镜检查。这些检查用于确定是否为卡波西肉瘤导致出血。
• 内镜检查。在这项检查中，将一根称为内镜的细长管从口中插入。医疗护理专业人员可通过内镜观察食道、胃和小肠前段。
• 结肠镜检查。在这项检查中，将一根名为结肠镜的细长管通过直肠插入结肠。医疗护理专业人员可通过结肠镜观察这些器官的内壁。

用于发现肺部卡波西肉瘤的检查可包括：

• 胸部 X 线检查。胸部 X 线检查可能会发现肺部有异常情况。如果是这样，可能需要进行胸部 CT 扫描或支气管镜检查，以确定异常发现是否为卡波西肉瘤。
• CT 扫描。这种成像检查通过 X 线显示肺部的详细图像。
• 支气管镜。在这项检查中，将一根名为支气管镜的细长管通过鼻腔或口腔插入肺部。这样就可以观察肺部内膜并采集肺组织样本。

治疗

卡波西肉瘤尚无治愈方法。但有很多治疗选择可帮助控制卡波西肉瘤。一些人可能不需要立即进行治疗。相反，可以对状况进行监控，确保其不会恶化。治疗方法取决于：

• 卡波西肉瘤的类型。
• 病变数量和位置。
• 病变的影响，例如引起疼痛或影响进食或呼吸。
• 整体健康状况。

AIDS 相关卡波西肉瘤的治疗方法

由于更好的 AIDS 抗病毒药物疗法和预防 AIDS 的方法，卡波西肉瘤在 AIDS 患者中已经不再那么常见和严重。服用抗病毒药物可以降低导致 HIV/AIDS 的病毒数量，并增强免疫系统。这可能是治疗卡波西肉瘤所需的唯一方法。

移植相关卡波西肉瘤的治疗方法

一些移植相关卡波西肉瘤患者可能能够停止服用控制免疫系统的药物或改用另一种药物。

小面积皮损的治疗

可能包括：

• 小手术，也称为切除术。
• 灼烧，称为电灼，或冷冻，称为冷冻疗法。
• 低剂量照射，对口腔病变也有帮助。
• 激光疗法。
• 向病灶内注射化疗药物长春碱。
• 在皮肤上涂抹一种类似维生素 A 的药物—维甲酸。

采用上述任何一种方法治疗的病变都有可能在数年内复发。出现这种情况时，通常可以重复治疗。

存在许多皮损时的治疗方法

如果卡波西肉瘤产生许多皮损，可能需要其他治疗方法，例如：

• 放射疗法。放射疗法可以通过强大的能量束杀死癌细胞。如果皮损较多，但不足以需要化疗，这是一种治疗选择。
• 化疗。化疗会使用强效药物来杀死癌细胞。如果卡波西肉瘤影响身体多个部位，化疗可能是一个选择。化疗可能有助于快速恶化的卡波西肉瘤。

准备您的预约

Start by seeing a doctor or other healthcare professional if you have any symptoms that worry you. If your health professional thinks you might have Kaposi sarcoma, you might need to see a specialist. Specialists who care for people with Kaposi sarcoma include:

• Doctors who treat conditions caused by infections, called infectious disease specialists.
• Doctors who treat skin conditions, called dermatologists.
• Doctors who treat cancer, called oncologists.

What you can do

When you make the appointment, ask if there's anything you need to do in advance.

Make a list of:

• Your symptoms, including when you noticed the skin growth and how it may have changed over time.
• Key personal information, including your medical history, recent life changes and family medical history.
• All medicines, vitamins or other supplements you take, including the doses.
• Questions to ask your healthcare professional.

You may want to bring a friend or family member along to help you remember the information you're given.

For Kaposi sarcoma, some basic questions to ask include:

• What's likely causing my symptoms?
• Other than the most likely cause, what are other possible causes for my symptoms?
• What tests do I need?
• Does my condition have a cure?
• What's the best course of action?
• I have these other health conditions. How can I best manage them together?
• Should I see a specialist?
• Are there brochures or other printed material I can have? What websites do you recommend?
• What would happen if I choose not to have treatment?

Don't hesitate to ask other questions.

What to expect from your doctor

Your healthcare professional may ask questions about your symptoms, such as:

• When did your symptoms begin?
• How severe are your symptoms?
• What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms?
• What, if anything, appears to worsen your symptoms?

Living with 软组织肉瘤?

Connect with others like you for support and answers to your questions in the Sarcoma support group on Mayo Clinic Connect, a patient community.

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