我是终末期肾病患者,但没有进行透析。我遵循一种特殊的肾病饮食,并且是素食者。对于我这种还必须限制磷和钾摄入的患者,有哪些优质蛋白质来源?
回答 Rachael Majorowicz, R.D.N., L.D.
这取决于您是哪种类型的素食者。另外,还取决于您的肾脏功能水平,以及您需要限制摄入营养素(如蛋白质、磷和钾)的程度。
肾病饮食是所有慢性肾病治疗计划的重要组成部分。如今的肾病饮食让素食者可以享受比以往更多的食物。这些食物包括水果、蔬菜和植物蛋白(如全谷物)。但没有任何一种饮食计划同时适用于所有患慢性肾病的素食者。
如果可以,请预约接受过专门培训可为肾病患者提供帮助的注册营养师。营养师可以帮助您选择素食食品及适合的摄入量。联邦医疗保险以及其他部分医疗保险计划均承保与营养师的面诊。请与您的医疗保险计划确认这一点。
一般来说,肾病饮食限制蛋白质的摄入量,特别是如果您没有进行透析。过多的蛋白质会对肾脏造成伤害。但您仍然需要每天摄入一些蛋白质。请咨询营养师了解您具体的蛋白质需求。
以下是一些含有植物蛋白的食物示例,可能适合您:
- 大豆制品,如豆腐、丹贝、素肉和豆奶或酸奶。
- 鸡蛋或蛋清。
- 不加盐的罐装或烹调干制豆类和豌豆。
- 无盐花生、坚果、果仁和坚果酱。
- 全谷物,如大麦、碎小麦、糙米和全麦面包。
- 乳品,如牛奶、酸奶、开菲尔和奶酪。
- 牛奶替代品,如杏仁奶、大米奶或燕麦奶或酸奶。
限制钾和磷
肾脏正常工作时能够防止血液中积聚过多的钾和磷。但在肾病患者中,肾脏可能难以将这些营养素保持在健康水平。因此,如果您体内的钾或磷水平过高,您可能需要限制含有大量钾或磷的食物或饮料。
以下是素食肾病饮食中需要了解的关键营养素的基本信息:
注册营养师可以帮助您满足对热量和其他重要营养素的需求。
With
Rachael Majorowicz, R.D.N., L.D.
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Nov. 26, 2024Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/renal-diet/faq-20058205